Mihringte ṭhian, Ramngaw leh Nungchate (Vanglaini Jan ni 11, 2023)

Lalnunṭawma Fanai

Environment, mihring leh nungchate hi hlawm hranin kan enkawl thei tawh lo, khawvel hian ‘One Health Concept’ an ti tawh. Environment eco-system hrisel nan chuan mihring hrisel a ngai, ran leh ramsa an hrisel a ngai. One Health hi India ramah an kalpui ṭan dawn a, Central Zoo Authority te, Ministry of Health leh Ministry of Environment & Forest te, Animal Husbandry Ministry te pawhin an rawn kalpui dawn. Mihring leh ramngaw kan tichhiat nasat avângin Pathianin ramsaa a dah bik natna (Sylvatic cycle) Ebola, Nipa Virus etc te chu inkaichhawn a awlsam phah.

Hmanah chuan Forest leh Wildlife an dah hrang a, tunah chuan Wildlife hnuaiah thingte pawh a lut vek tawh. Biodiversity hnuaiah ramsa, ramhmul, thlai leh rante hi an la hrang tawh lo, hlawm khat tawpah dah a ni. Heng hi a chhiat chuan mihring tan damkhawchhuah ngaihna a awm lo.

Mizo society hi structure hranpa nei kan ni. Lal leh Khawnbawl Upa ten ro an rel a, kha structure kha kan la paih lo. Kan environmental laws-ah hian buaithlak deuh chu, khami kan structure mil lo khan, deptt kutah mawhphurhna a kal deuh vek si a, deptt hi mipuiin kan zah tawk si lo a. NGO leh sorkar hi ṭan tlân hle a ngai. YMA kumpuan kha chhut let ila, environmental thilah chuan hun rangkachak a ni. Khami rah kha kum 40 dawn a liam hnuah pawh hian a rah kan la tel zel a ni.

Environmental laws hi en ila, khawtual mite thuneihna pek pawh hi a vâng lutuk. UN hian a hria a, tunah hian dân pakhat, Biodiversity Act kan nei tawh, hei hi khawtual mite thuneihna tur a ni. Mahse, a titheitute hian hei hi nawr nun an tum rêng rêng lo a. Sum leh pai thlenga thuam chak hi kan mamawh. Sorkar hi conservation NGO te lakah an thilphal a ṭul. State dangah pawh sorkarin sum leh pai thlengin a thuam ṭhin. Forest Deptt-ah Cell an siam a, an tih theih bâk chu conservation NGO-ah an pe a, keini pawhin BIOCONE, ASEP te ṭha tak tak kan nei a, a thuam chak ve a ṭul.

Khuarel kalphung leh kan hnam nunphung hi a inzawm tlat a, Scientific study ai pawhin ram tam takin an ngai pawimawh tawh zâwk.  India sorkar hian North East-ah thlai pakhat, mono culture plantation an dah dawn a, hei hian ramngaw a tichhe dawn a ni tiin environmentalist te leh North East state tam takin an duh lo. Meghalaya in an duh loh chhan chu, Mono Culture Plantation hian kan hnam ziarang  a ûmbo dawn an ti. Kan hnam nunphung hi kan ei leh in-in a siam a, engtikah nge lo kan neih, lo kan vah, kan kut ni vangthla, hengte hi kan environment leh nature in a  siam a ni.

Exotic Species lalut ila, economy zawng chuan a ṭha mai thei. Mahse, a balance kan thiam a ngai. Kan native species, kan tualṭote kan humhalh loh a, ram dang thlai, ramhmul leh thil dangte kan lakluh nasat chuan, kan ram thil, thlaite, hman lai pi pute practice ṭhin kha a ral ang a, ṭhangthar ten an hre lo zel dawn.

Thil dang kan lakluh hian kan culture a bo. Hman laiin Kel an vulh ṭhin a, pasalṭha ten an tawn ṭhin, Chhâwn te pawh an siam a, an siamna Kel kha a bo daih tawh. A awmzia chu hmun dang aṭangin kel a lo lut a, an inthlahpawlh nge? Bristish ho record-ah chuan a awm a, hmanlaia kan kel ang, hmul sei pui pui ang kha khawvelah hian a bo vek tawh. Pasalṭhate tawn ṭhin Chhâwn te pawh a original ang kha siam leh dan a awm tawh lo. A material te pawh hi environment kan humhim ṭhat loh chuan a bo hret hret a ni.

Lo neih hi kan nuai bo chuan kan culture hi a bo tel dawn a. Hman aṭangin lo neih kan ching a, ramngaw tichhe lo zawng hian engati nge lo neih hi developed kan tum loh. Lo kan vah hian, leiṭha kan duh vang a ni. Leiṭha tam tak organic nge, inorganic nge tih thlengin thlan tur a awm tawh. Engati nge hmun khatah lo kan neih mai loh. 

Environmentalist te hian development hi kan do lo. Development a lo awm chuan hmingṭhatna a awm a, politician tan chuan a âwm lutuk, kan hrethiam. Mahse, ram hruaitu zawk hi chuan mipuite thlirna piah kha min thlirpui phak turah ka ngai. India danpui kan en chuan, sorkar leh mimal hian environment humhalh turin theihtawp an chhuah tur a ni a ti.

Forest deptt chauh hi environment conservation buaipui turin kan ngai a, a dik lo, sorkar pumpui hian an buaipui tur a ni. Forest te, Vety te, Fisheries leh a dangte hi conservation deptt vek an ni a, thawkho tura siam turin State Ministry in hma a lak a ngai. Forest deptt hi an thawk ṭha tâwk lo a, deptt dang pawh an thawk ṭha chuang lo. Ministry-in an thawh ṭhat loh lai siam ṭha lo a, a tihsual tir tua an ṭang mah mah hi a veiawm ber lai a ni.

Sahuan hi khawvelah kan nuaibo dawn lo. Species extinction (mangna) a thleng nasa a, chumi venhimna hmun a ni. Ramsate tana awmna nuam ṭha leh mipuite tana education ṭha kan pek theihna hi a ni. Mipuite tana ennawm siamna a ni lo a, mi zirtirna va pe tur leh hetiang ramsa hi kan nei a ni tih kha a first aim conservation ṭha a ni. Aizawl sahuanah hian ramsa chanchin inziahna (signage) ṭha a awm lo, a first aim-ah kan fail. Sahuan khu a hmunhma a ṭha. A management-ah ṭanlak nasat a ngai.

Zoo Philosophy kan sawi ṭhin. Naupangin ramsa an hmuh leh zirna hmasa ber chu Sahuan a ni. Enclosure chhunga ramsa tuihal, cher lutuk leh polythene leh an awmna bawm dik lo, cement structure leh thil natural lo lutukte an zu hmu a. Hei hi sahuan awm dan tur emaw an ti a, a dik lo.

Mizorama kan nungchate chhuanna châng kan la hre lo. Tourism thlengin a nghawng thei. Hnam feeling-ah hian hei hi a tel tur a ni. Ramdanga awm ve lo kan nungchate hi chhuangin sawi uarna châng hria ang u.

Arunachal Pradesh border a India leh China inbeihna hi, a nihna takah chuan tui inchuhna hi a chhan lian tak pakhat a ni. Israel-a Golan heights leh Sinai bawr khu ram dang aṭanga an chhuhsak a ni. Sinai bawr khu chu inremna an neihin an pe let leh mai. Mahse, Environmentalist ten an chhut dan chuan, Golan Heights erawh Israel pumpui tuia chawmtu hnar awmna a nih avângin an pe let phal lo. Kan environment hi kan vawnhim chuan, Mizoram pawh hi politically pawhin kan pawimawh tulh tulh dawn.

(ZONET, Zoram Kalsiam Programme a Dr Lallianpuii Kawlni, Scientist D, Dehradun leh Vanlalhrima, President BIOCONE te sawi lâk tawi a ni)

RAMNGAW LEH RUAHTUI

Source Quara eco.com. Translated Vanlalduhpuii (Puipuii)

Ruahtui hian mihringte leh ramsate chauh ni loin thing leh mauah pawh hna pawimawh tak mai a thawk a. Khawvel pumpuiah Brazil leh Chicago in ruahtui an dawng hnem ber a, a chhan chu Amazon Rainforest bul hnaia an awm vang liau liau a ni. Chuti ni lo se thlaler leh lung hmun a ni a, an bul hnaia ramngaw awm an chhawr tangkai hle a ni. Ruahtui kan dawn theihna tura thil pawimawh ber chu ramngaw hi a ni a. Kawtthler ai chuan ramngaw chu a hnawng tha a, thingin oxygen a pe chhuak a,  carbon dioxide a la lut thing thin. Chu oxygen a pek chhuah hmang chuan leia thil nung tinrengte hi kan nung a ni.

Leilung hian chhun lamah boruaka tuihu zawng zawng a hip khawm a, chu mi chu matter vapour tiin kan sawi thin a. Chu mi tuihu a hip khawm chu lei atangin thing zungah a kal a, chuta tang chuan thing hnahah a kal leh a, tah chuan an lo in purify a, oxygen a pe chhuak ta thin a ni. Chu mi oxygen chu mihring, ramsa thlai leh thil nung zawng zawngin kan lo hip lut ve a. Mezial kan lo zu a, factory factory atanga meikhu kan tihchuah balwhhlawh tam tan chu thingin lo hip khawm lehin ang bawkin a lo recycle leh thin. Chu mi boruaka oxygen leh carbon dioxide inkal pelt e chu a lo in-attract chuan small atomic a siam a, chu mi chu chhumah a chho a, chum atang chuan carbon dioxide lenbo turin thli a lo thaw a, chuta tang chuan ruahtui kan lo dawng thin a, chu thil chu evapotransportation kan tih thin chu a ni.

Ruahtui hi ramngawa a tlak hian 50% chuan lei a zuk thleng ngai lo a, thing hnah karah an inkhawl thin a.  Chu mi a inkhawlna chu pores a ni. Pores ah chuan ni zung leh ruahtui chambang chu ramngaw in lei khawro tur a vawng hnawng a, ramngaw a tichereu lo a, a nihdan tur ang thlapa a kal a nih chuan ruahtui mumal takin kan lo dawng thei thin. Tunah hian ramngaw kan tih chereu natsat em avangin kan khawvel tuamtu ozone layer hi a pawp nasa tawh hle tih geographical scientist te chuan an sawi nasa hle a ni.

Ramngaw thatna a piangah ruahtui a tla tha a. Tuihu hi chu engtik lai pawhin boruakah a leng reng a, mahse a lo ti thianghlimtu ramngaw tel lo chuan engmah lo mai a ni. Eng ang paw’n khua dur mahse ramngaw kan neih loh chuan ruahtui pai lo khawdur satliah chauh mai a lo ni ang. He mi pawimawhzia hriain Brazil sawrkar chuan “miin Amazon Rainforest a thing a kih a piangin a thing kih let thing tiak a phun belh ziah tur a ni” tiin dan dan thar an siam a ni. Ramngaw kan humhalh hian tuihna humhalh tel nghal kan ni a, chutiang bawk chuan ramngaw kan vah chereu hian tuihna kan titawp tel ve nghal zel a ni.  

RESERVED FOREST LEH FOREST CLEARANCE

Ruatfella Nu,

Thiamna, finna leh tlinna pakhat mah nei lo mah ila kohna avangin kei mimawl tak hian kum 25 zet ka mihring puite chunga hleilenna leh mihring dikna chanvo rahbehna ka do ve a. Keimah lamah kohna hlen thawkhata inhriatna neiin, “ka chawl ve tawh ang a, thilsiam tinreng tana chhiatna thlentu hman khat daih sarang (single use plastic) thlakna industry ka din hi ka ti lian deuh deuh ang” ka tih laiin, 2017 ah Environmental Justice leh kan ram Ecology tan mihring dikna chanvo humhalh tura kohna ka dawn aia kohna sang zawka koh ka ni leh a. Thilsiam dang tana kohna hi a sang bawk a, ka inpekna pawh a thuk a. Ka rilru leh thlarau, ka chakna leh theihna zawng zawngin ka bei a ni.  Heti taka ka inpekna san chhan chu- environment kan zahpah lo lutuk hi siamtu Pathian zah lohna leh A duhdan lo lutuka kan kal sual mekna hi ka hmu a. Hnam anga min ti mualphotu nia ka hriat vang a ni.

He ka kawng zawh mekah hi mi dang influence leh duhdana kal ka ni ve lem lo a. Tin, tute emaw kuangbang nghak a, a whisky leh a tangka lama a thlem thluka vei nei ve ta riaua ziak tial ve fo  lah ka ni hek lo. Kan ramngaw leh nungchate dinhmun ka ngaihtuah hian, ka thinglung a nat thin avangin ka thiam tawk leh phak tawk bakah mithiam te be rawnin hma ka la ve a ni ber.

Mihring dikna chanvo humhalh aiin environment humhima humhalh hi a harsa fe ang tih chu ka hre sa a, a taka ka’n beih meuh chuan a har fe a ni satliah lo a, a khirhin a lo hautak zawk hle a nih hi. A chhan chu mihring duham chinlem nei lote hmachhawn an ngai miau a ni. Hautakin khirh hle mahse kan ram leh hnam hmalam hun atan thil dik leh tha a nih avangin ka kal zel a ngai a, thangthar chhuan lo la awm zel turte tan engkim tuar huamin ka bei zel dawn a ni.

Eng nge Reserved Forest chu:      Mizoram Forest Act, 1955 chuan Reserved Forest chu he dan hmanga ramhnuai a enkawl tur a tihte an ni a. He dan tih hi Mizoram Forest Act, 1955, Assam Forest Regulation, 1891 ang zul zuia siam a ni a. Mizoram Forest Act, 1955 ah tho hian Reserved Forests te puan a nih theihna tur, section 14-21 te ah chiang tak a ziah lan a ni bawk. He dan zulzui hian Reserved Forests pawh hmun hrang hrangah puan a ni ta a ni.

Reserved Forest chu a hnawk ta viau em ni?: Thil reng reng hi a neitu leh a hmangtu in an hman thiam loh chuan a hnawk vek thin. Hnam dang thu sawi fo pakhat chu: “Zawng chemte pek” an ti a, chu chuan a entir chu Zawng chu chem i pek chuan thil tha tih nan a hmang dawn lo a, pawi khawih nan a hmang dawn tihna ang a ni. Ka thlir ve dan chuan Reserved Forest hi-

1. Thingtlang leh  ramhmul behchhana eizawng tute hrektu pakhat a ni. An tan chuan thil hnawk tak a ni.
2. A enkawltu dept tan pawh an enkawl sen loh ram, phur rit petu a ni a, an lu ti haitu a ni. A change power kenkawh tur petu a nimahsela, huat leh beihrawn an hlawh phahna a ni a. Kut pawh an tuar phah fo thei?
3. Revenue dept tan revenue an hmuhna tur daltu a ni. Mahse kan ramah hian RF chhungah periodic patta leh LSC thleng pawhin 1965 ( RF puan hnu) leh 1980 (Forest Conservation Act, 1980) ah pawh pek an ni fo thin a. Reveneu hi Zawng chem. pek ang an ni mai thei e.
4. Huan zau deuh hlek neih duh tu, khawpui leh thingtlanga awm thei deuhte tan daltu a ni thei.
5. Compensation hui tum a, Forest Conservation Act kal kan tumtu, official leh non-official  tan daltu hnawk tak a ni.
6. Hmasawnna duhtu, Project Implementing Department te tan leh contractors te daltu a ni fo thin.
7. Kan ramin hmasawn ve se ti a, thahnemngai deuha thawktu, works department-te tan hian a hnawk ngawih ngawih tih a chiang a.
8. Tin, a enkawltu fak hlawh ve lo ho, “ti suh” ti tura an rawih ho tan hian mi thenkhatin power a pe/nei emaw an tih lai hian a ninawm thei hle ang. 

Heng thlirna hrang atanga ka han thlir hian tunlai a kan buaina ber leh Reserved Forests haw bertu nia ka hmuh te chu Uchuak taka Compensation sum beiseitute hi an ni.

Forest Conservation Act hi eng nge?: Forest Conservation Act, 1980 chu ram leh ramngaw te nasa lutuka sawisak chereuna lak atanga ramngaw leh thing dinna hmun ramte venna tur Dan, Parliament of India in a siam a ni. He dan hi India ram pum, Former Jammu & Kashmir tih loh ah chuan hman tura tih a ni. Forest Conservation Act in a sawi uar ber chu ramngaw siamna tur ni lo, project dang reng reng chuan central sawrkar phalna lak a ngai tih a ni.

Forest Clearance chu eng nge?: Ramngaw leh thing din tamna hmun a, (a thing phun zawng ni lo) project dang reng reng kal pui dawna hma lakna reng renga central sawrkar phalna hi ‘Forest Clearance’ chu a ni ber.

He Forest Clearance hi kal kan emaw, hel emaw a theih loh a, dil ngei a ngai a, phalna hmuh ngei a ngai bawk. Hei hi Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Section 2 ah hian phut tlat a ni. Hei hi cenral leh state a hmasawnna duh hmanhmawh tute tan chuan mitmim a ni ve thei bawk a ni. Forest Clearance atan a sum sen ngaite hi central kut a lut leh tur a ni tih chiang bawk ila. Thik loh tur thik hi awm ve thei a ni a.

Eng nge kan harsatna chu?: Kan harsatna ber pakhat chu development leh pawisa duh avangte hian, a bik takin central sawrkarah project hrang hrang kan dil a, heng project kan dil leh duhte an thlir laiin, Forest Clearance neihdan tur an ngaihtuah peih lo a. Namnul theih emaw an ti a, an ngaihtuah duh lo a, pumpelh phet an tum thin hi a ni. Hmasawnna hi kan mamawh a, ram hmangaihtute tan chuan vei tur a ni reng a. Mahse a kaldan tur ni loa an mahni duh zawng anga kalpui an tum hi a fuh lo hle a ni.

Eng kan ti ta nge ni?: India ram zau takah hian State thenkhat Forest-in a khuh chin ( Forest Cover) hi a pung a, thenkhatah a tlahniam chak deuh thin a. Hei hi tu emaw titi thiam ang deuh rin sawi mai a ni lo. Forest Survey of India, Dehradun in Satellite thlalak nen a siam a ni a. Rintlakah an ngai vek a ni. Kum khat danah an chhiar (survey) thin a, 2019-2021 chhung pawh hian Mizoram hi a hlauh hnem zingah kan tel a, intih theihna chi a ni lo. Sq km 186 ngawt kan hlauh. NE State ah pawh a rethei leh development kal muanna ber kan nih mek hi.

Pumpelh tum duh suh u. Inthei chuang lo ang: Nikum, 2021 Nov 29^th khan Delhi Metro line chungchang a Judgement a tih chhuah ah chuan, Supreme Court of India chuan Forest Conservation Act , 1980 in a phut angin Delhi Metro ho chu Forest Clearance Reserve Forest kher ni loah pawh la turin a ti. Mizoramah phei chuan  Reserved Forest awmsa cancel chawp a, hmasawnna duh vang em em ni loin, 15% of compensation cess kan deduct hnuah pawh, a bak insem kan tum em ni le. Pumpelh tum vak vak lo mai ang u. NHIDCL officials-politician-official-illegal land pass holders nexus te hi awm thei a ni em le?

Tlangkawmna: Forest dept a thawk pension tawhin thu pakhat min kamkeu ka huat em em chu: “Hmasawnna hna lian tham ruahmanna a awm hian, high level kan han meeting a, Forest lam khan inbeng lo chhu ngawng ula an ti thin nia!” tih a ni. Rapthlakin! An thuneihna hmanga chhut ngawn tir an lo tum thin a nih chuan an chhungawng thiang lo tih hi hre mawlh rawh se. Tunlai khawvelah phei chuan an chhungawng thiang tawh lo lehzual! Tih luihnaa an chhutngawn tir emaw, department of Environment Forest & Climate Change a thawkte inthlahdah vang emaw a nih chuan mahni ram leh hnam, tun hun leh hun lo la kal tur thlir phak, thalai fing leh fel tak tak, hmasawnna dik leh tlo hria an tam tawh lutuk!

Hei hi kan ram neichhun a ni a, hei lo hi ram dang kan nei lo. Chu pawh chu kan tu leh fa, kan tuchhuan lo awm zel turte ta kan luah hawh mai mai a ni a. He kan ram luah hawha leilung leh a hausakna thing lei mau, luite lui lian, nungcha tinrengte venhima humhalh hi kan mawhphurhna a ni.